All-cause mortality and risk factors in patients with type 1 diabetes in Castilla-La Mancha, Spain. DIACAM1 2010-2020 study.

INTRODUCTION: Despite better treatments and care for patients with type 1 diabetes (T1DM), all-cause and cardiovascular mortality still remains higher compared to the general population. We evaluated mortality and risk factors for mortality in a representative cohort of patients with T1DM. METHODS: DIACAM1 was a cross-sectional, multicenter study on adult patients (≥ 16 years old) and diabetes with at least 5 years since diabetes diagnosis conducted between 2009 and 2010. DIACAM1 2010-2020 study was a follow-up study, extension of DIACAM1, where vital status of patients was evaluated between June 2019 and June 2020. RESULTS: 4.03% [CI95%, 2.53-5.62) of the 1465 patients with T1DM included in the cohort of the DIACAM1 in 2010 had died. Survival was lower than in the sex- and age-matched general population in the same region. 40.7% of deaths were due to cardiovascular disease. HbA1c levels < 7% and triglyceride levels < 150 mg/dL were associated with lower mortality, whereas retinopathy and plasma creatinine were associated with increased mortality. CONCLUSIONS: We confirmed a lower survival in people with T1DM, with cardiovascular disease being the main cause of mortality. High HbA1c, high triglycerides, retinopathy, and high creatinine are factors associated with mortality.

Malnutrition risk prevalence in hospitalised patients in Castilla-La Mancha: Ten years after the PREDyCES® study.

INTRODUCTION: The PREDyCESR study showed ten years ago that malnutrition is a highly prevalent problem at the hospital level. In the present study we investigate the prevalence of malnutrition in hospitals of Castilla La Mancha and its relationship with complications, mortality and length of hospital stay. METHODS: 433 patients (236 men and 197 women), from 4 hospitals were included and randomised within the first 48 h of admission. Nutritional risk was assessed using the NRS-2002 screening test. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 71.3 ±â€¯0.9 years (alpha-trimmed mean ±â€¯insorized standard deviation). Their mean weight was 72.3 ±â€¯0.8 kg and BMI 26.8 ±â€¯0.3 kg/m2. The mean length of hospital stay was 7.2 ±â€¯0.3 days. Of the 433 study patients, 19.4% were defined as 'at-risk' by NRS-2002 > 3. Of the patients at risk, 39.3% received nutritional support. Patients at nutritional risk had an increased length of hospital stay (9.6 vs 6.8 days; p = 0.012) and had more complications and/or higher mortality (40.5% of complications and/or mortality vs 16.4%; p < 0.005). The OR of having a complication and/or death was 3.93 (95% CI: 2.36-6.5); p < 0.005. Regarding the results obtained in the PREDyCES® study, no significant differences were found in the prevalence of nutritional risk at patients' admission (19.4% vs 23%; p = 0.12). CONCLUSIONS: The nutritional risk at hospital admission continues to be high. Patients at nutritional risk have more complications, higher mortality and an increased length of hospital stay.

Evolution of the choice of places in Endocrinology and Nutrition in the Spanish exam for accessing to the resident physicians training program 2001-2022 measured with the quotation index.

INTRODUCTION: The comparison between specialties or the analysis of evolution over time of a speciality in the Spanish exam for accessing to the resident physicians training programme (RPTP) is difficult due to the changing of the number of places offered. In this paper we describe two parameters (quotation index and quotation order) that objectify the relationship between supply and demand for places in a given medical speciality in a RPTP call and analyse the evolution of the speciality of Endocrinology and Nutrition (E&N). MATERIAL AND METHODS: We analysed the evolution of the supply/demand ratio for the speciality of E&N in the 2001-2022 RPTP calls using the quotation index and quotation order. An increase in the quotation order implies a worsening of the supply/demand ratio. Robust correlation analysis between year and quoatation orden is used. RESULTS: E&N shows a worsening in the RPTP choice, both in relation to all specialties offered and in relation to specialties of medical area (robust correlation coefficient year-quotation order 0.72 (p=0.0002) if all specialties are considered and 0.80 (p<0.0001) if only medical area specialties are considered). CONCLUSIONS: The specialty E&N has shown a negative evolution in the choice of RPTP, objectified through the quotation index and the quotation order, both in relation to all the specialties offered and in relation to all the specialties of the medical area, although it is still among the most sought-after medical specialties in the medical area.

[Malnutrition management of hospitalized patients with diabetes/hyperglycemia un the perioperative setting]. / Abordaje de la desnutrición en pacientes hospitalizados con diabetes/hiperglucemia en el contexto perioperatorio.

Introduction: People with diabetes are at high risk of requiring surgical intervention throughout their lives, and of perioperative complications in case of poor metabolic control. Hospitalization represents a stressful event that, together with other factors associated with diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, leads to a deterioration in the nutritional status of the patients. An association between poor nutritional status and adverse outcomes in surgical patients has been observed. This article describes the results of the expert consensus and the responses of the panelists on the nutritional management in routine clinical practice of patients with diabetes/hyperglycemia hospitalized (non-critically ill) in the perioperative setting.

Introducción: Las personas con diabetes tienen un riesgo elevado de requerir una intervención quirúrgica a lo largo de su vida y de tener complicaciones perioperatorias en caso de un control metabólico deficiente. La hospitalización representa un evento estresante que, unido a otros factores asociados a procedimientos diagnósticos y terapéuticos, conlleva un deterioro del estado nutricional de los pacientes. Se ha observado una asociación entre un estado nutricional deficiente y resultados adversos en pacientes quirúrgicos. El presente artículo describe los resultados del consenso de expertos y las respuestas de los panelistas sobre el manejo nutricional en la práctica clínica habitual de los pacientes con diabetes/hiperglucemia hospitalizados en planta (no críticos) en el periodo perioperatorio.

[Malnutrition management of hospitalized patients with diabetes/hyperglycemia and heart failure]. / Abordaje de la desnutrición en pacientes hospitalizados con diabetes/hiperglucemia e insuficiencia cardíaca.

Introduction: Heart failure (HF) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among older people, making it a major public health problem. Cardiovascular diseases in general, and HF in particular, are common comorbidities in people with type 2 diabetes (DM2). The concurrence of DM2 and HF is associated with more severe clinical symptoms and signs, and poorer quality of life and prognosis. Furthermore, due to the hypercatabolic state and nutrient absorption disorders, malnutrition is present in many HF cases. This article describes the results of the expert consensus and the responses of the panelists on the nutritional management in routine clinical practice of patients with diabetes/hyperglycemia hospitalized (non-critically ill) with HF.

Introducción: La insuficiencia cardíaca (IC) es una de las principales causas de morbilidad y mortalidad entre las personas mayores, lo que la convierte en un importante problema de salud pública. Las enfermedades cardiovasculares en general, y la IC en particular, son comorbilidades frecuentes en personas con diabetes tipo 2 (DM2). La presencia de DM2 e IC se asocia con síntomas y signos clínicos más graves, y peor calidad de vida y pronóstico. Además, debido al estado hipercatabólico y los trastornos de la absorción de nutrientes, la desnutrición está presente en muchos casos de IC. El presente artículo describe los resultados del consenso de expertos y las respuestas de los panelistas sobre el manejo nutricional en la práctica clínica habitual de los pacientes con diabetes/hiperglucemia hospitalizados en planta (no críticos) con IC.

[Malnutrition management of hospitalized patients with diabetes/hyperglycemia and cancer cachexia]. / Abordaje de la desnutrición en pacientes hospitalizados con diabetes/hiperglucemia y caquexia tumoral.

Introduction: Diabetes is a frequent comorbidity in cancer patients, since they share common risk factors. In cancer, the concurrence of cachexia represents a poor prognostic factor, which is aggravated by poor nutritional status. Clinically, cancer cachexia manifests as a significant reduction in body weight, accompanied by changes in body composition and alterations in the balance of the biological system, and causes progressive dysfunction. This article describes the results of the expert consensus and the responses of the panelists on the nutritional management in routine clinical practice of patients with diabetes/hyperglycemia hospitalized (non-critically ill) with cancer cachexia.

Introducción: La diabetes es una comorbilidad frecuente en pacientes con cáncer, ya que comparten factores de riesgo comunes. En la enfermedad oncológica, la presencia de caquexia tumoral representa un factor de mal pronóstico, que se ve agravado por un estado nutricional deficiente. Clínicamente, la caquexia se manifiesta como una reducción significativa del peso corporal, acompañado de cambios en la composición corporal y alteraciones en el equilibrio del sistema biológico, y causa una disfunción progresiva. El presente artículo describe los resultados del consenso de expertos y las respuestas de los panelistas sobre el manejo nutricional en la práctica clínica habitual de los pacientes con diabetes/hiperglucemia hospitalizados en planta (no críticos) con caquexia tumoral concurrente.

[Malnutrition management of hospitalized patients with diabetes/hyperglycemia and liver cirrhosis]. / Abordaje de la desnutrición en pacientes hospitalizados con diabetes/hiperglucemia y cirrosis hepática.

Introduction: Liver cirrhosis is a progressive and chronic disease of the liver, of diverse etiology, which is frequently associated with glucose intolerance and in some cases concurs with type 2 diabetes (DM2). DM2 is associated with adverse outcomes in patients with cirrhosis, including a higher rate of hospitalizations, a higher prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma, and an increased risk of mortality. Malnutrition is another frequent complication of cirrhosis, the prevalence of which increases with the degree of liver dysfunction, worsening the prognosis. This article describes the results of the expert consensus and the responses of the panelists on the nutritional management in routine clinical practice of patients with diabetes/hyperglycemia hospitalized (non-critically ill) with liver cirrhosis.

Introducción: La cirrosis hepática es una enfermedad progresiva y crónica del hígado, de etiología diversa, que se asocia frecuentemente con intolerancia a la glucosa y en algunos casos concurre con diabetes tipo 2 (DM2). La DM2 se asocia con resultados adversos en pacientes con cirrosis, incluyendo una mayor tasa de ingresos hospitalarios, una mayor prevalencia de carcinoma hepatocelular y un mayor riesgo de mortalidad. La desnutrición es otra complicación frecuente en la cirrosis, cuya prevalencia aumenta con el grado de disfunción hepática, empeorando el pronóstico. El presente artículo describe los resultados del consenso de expertos y las respuestas de los panelistas sobre el manejo nutricional en la práctica clínica habitual de los pacientes con diabetes/hiperglucemia hospitalizados en planta (no críticos) con cirrosis hepática.

[Malnutrition management of hospitalized patients with diabetes/hyperglycemia and concurrent pathologies]. / Abordaje de la desnutrición en pacientes hospitalizados con diabetes/hiperglucemia y otras patologías.

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a highly prevalent disease worldwide, generating an increasing clinical and economic burden due to its micro- and macrovascular complications. Frequently, people with diabetes are hospitalized for various pathologies. These patients generally have higher risk of complications, prolonged hospitalizations and mortality. An additional factor that worsens the prognosis in these patients is the concurrence of malnutrition, especially in elderly people. All this makes the management of these patients challenging and requires a specific nutritional approach, whose purpose is to cover the nutritional requirements while always maintaining glycemic control. The purpose of this work is to provide, based on the evidence available in the literature and clinical experience, consensus recommendations by eighteen experts in Endocrinology and Nutrition on the nutritional approach of hospitalized patients with diabetes/ hyperglycemia and compare the optimal management, based on these recommendations with bedside usual care according to a panel of Spanish doctors surveyed about their daily clinical practice. This first article of this extraordinary issue of the journal Nutrición Hospitalaria describes the methodology of the study and the results obtained regarding common issues for all pathologies.

Introducción: La diabetes mellitus tipo 2 es una enfermedad muy prevalente en todo el mundo y genera una carga clínica y económica creciente debido a sus complicaciones micro- y macrovasculares. Con frecuencia, las personas con diabetes son hospitalizadas por diversas patologías. Estos pacientes tienen, por lo general, un mayor riesgo de complicaciones, de estancias prolongadas y de mortalidad. Un factor adicional que empeora el pronóstico en estos pacientes es la presencia de desnutrición, sobre todo en personas de edad avanzada. Todo ello hace que el manejo de estos pacientes sea complejo y requiera un abordaje nutricional específico, cuya finalidad sea cubrir los requerimientos nutricionales manteniendo siempre el control glucémico. La finalidad de este trabajo es generar, en base a los datos disponibles en la bibliografía y la experiencia clínica, recomendaciones consensuadas por parte de dieciocho expertos en Endocrinología y Nutrición sobre el abordaje nutricional de pacientes hospitalizados con diabetes/hiperglucemia y comparar el manejo óptimo basado en estas recomendaciones con la atención habitual a pie de cama, según un panel de médicos españoles encuestados sobre su práctica clínica diaria. En este primer artículo de este número extraordinario de la revista Nutrición Hospitalaria, se describe la metodología seguida y los resultados obtenidos sobre las cuestiones comunes para todas las patologías.

[Malnutrition management of hospitalized patients with diabetes/hyperglycemia and sarcopenia]. / Abordaje de la desnutrición en pacientes hospitalizados con diabetes/hiperglucemia y sarcopenia.

Introduction: Sarcopenia is a multidimensional condition that negatively affects muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance. The prevalence of sarcopenia in people with diabetes is much higher than that of the general population, especially in individuals with poor nutritional status. Both sarcopenia and malnutrition are conditions amenable to intervention to improve clinical prognosis. This article describes the results of the expert consensus and the responses of the panelists on the nutritional management in routine clinical practice of patients with diabetes/hyperglycemia hospitalized (non-critically ill) with sarcopenia.

Introducción: La sarcopenia se describe como una afección multidimensional que afecta negativamente a la masa muscular, la fuerza muscular y el rendimiento físico. La prevalencia de sarcopenia en personas con diabetes es muy superior a la de la población general, especialmente en individuos que presentan un estado nutricional deficiente. Tanto la sarcopenia como la desnutrición son condiciones susceptibles de intervención para mejorar el pronóstico clínico. El presente artículo describe los resultados del consenso de expertos y las respuestas de los panelistas sobre el manejo nutricional en la práctica clínica habitual de los pacientes con diabetes/hiperglucemia hospitalizados en planta (no críticos) con sarcopenia concurrente.

[GLUCECONTROL 2.0. Annex 1]. / GLUCECONTROL 2.0. Anexo 1.

Introduction: Exhaustive bibliographc research in PubMed/Medline.

Introducción: Búsqueda bibliográfica exhaustiva en PubMed/Medline.

[Malnutrition management of hospitalized patients with diabetes/hyperglycemia and hip fracture]. / Abordaje de la desnutrición en pacientes hospitalizados con diabetes/hiperglucemia y fractura de cadera.

Introduction: The yearly incidence of hip fracture is very high, which generates significant healthcare and socioeconomic burden. These fractures can occur at any age, but the vast majority occur in people over 65 years of age and predominantly in women, due to the increased risk of menopause-associated osteoporosis. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), apart from altering glucose, lipid and protein metabolisms, also causes a deregulation of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium and dysfunction in bone metabolism. The prevalence of malnutrition in patients with hip fracture is also high, due to their advanced age, and the acute injury itself provokes catabolic and inflammatory responses that result in disease-related malnutrition and sarcopenia, which aggravates the patient's clinical condition. This article describes the results of the expert consensus and the responses of the panelists on the nutritional management in routine clinical practice of patients with diabetes/hyperglycemia hospitalized (non-critically ill) with hip fracture.

Introducción: La incidencia de fractura de cadera cada año es muy alta, lo que genera una importante carga asistencial y socioeconómica. Estas fracturas pueden producirse a cualquier edad, pero la gran mayoría ocurren en personas mayores de 65 años y con predominancia del sexo femenino, debido al mayor riesgo de osteoporosis tras la menopausia. La diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2), aparte de alterar el metabolismo glucídico, lipídico y proteico, también causa una desregulación del calcio, fósforo y magnesio, y alteraciones del metabolismo óseo. La prevalencia de desnutrición en pacientes con fractura de cadera es también elevada, por la edad avanzada, y la misma lesión aguda generar respuestas catabólicas e inflamatorias que resultan en desnutrición relacionada con la enfermedad y sarcopenia, lo que agrava el estado clínico del paciente. El presente artículo describe los resultados del consenso de expertos y las respuestas de los panelistas sobre el manejo nutricional en la práctica clínica habitual de los pacientes con diabetes/hiperglucemia hospitalizados en planta (no críticos) con fractura de cadera.

Perception of knowledge about Clinical Hospital Nutrition among resident doctors in a tertiary hospital.

INTRODUCTION: Resident physicians' proper use of nutritional support and knowledge about Clinical Nutrition is essential to ensuring that their patients receive suitable nutritional care. MATERIALS AND METHOD: An online survey was sent to resident physicians at our hospital in specialisations with hospital beds. The survey featured 20 multiple-choice questions scored from 1 to 10 (1 being "completely disagree" and 10 being "completely agree") across the following themes: nutritional assessment, diets, oral nutritional supplements, enteral nutrition and perception of the Nutrition Unit. RESULTS: The survey was completed by 69% of resident physicians in medical specialisations and 70% of those in surgical specialisations. Overall, the average survey score was 6.28, with higher scores among medical residents than surgical residents (6.86 versus 5.38; p < 0.001), especially in the sections on nutritional assessment, diets and oral nutritional supplements. The respondents had a positive perception of the Nutrition Unit (mean score 7.6). DISCUSSION: Residents in medical specialisations afford greater importance to their patients' nutrition than residents in surgical specialisations, although in both groups the average score was rather low. There is much room for improvement in the training in Clinical Nutrition of this group, and it is important to include topics in Clinical Nutrition in training programmes for all residents in hospital specialisations.

Analysis of the evolution of the publication of case reports in endocrinology journals.

INTRODUCTION: A case report is a scientific article describing one or more patients with unusual clinical presentations. In recent years, the number of case reports in publications has decreased. In this study, we analyze the publication of case reports in journals of Endocrinology during the years 2010, 2015 and 2019. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Pubmed web was browsed for clinical journals of Endocrinology, those published in English and/or Spanish being selected, and the relevant variables analyzed. RESULTS: Of 84 analyzed journals, 51 accepted cases for publication, 29 did not, and 4 did so only in exceptional cases. In 2010, 11,754 articles were published, of which 709 were clinical cases (6.9% of the total); in 2015, a total of 14,594 articles of which 655 were clinical cases (5.8% of the total); and in 2019 a total of 14,110 articles, of which 472 were clinical cases (4.6% of the total). In journals demanding payment for the publishing of clinical cases, case reports represented 9% of all articles, and in free journals, 3% (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: There has been a decline in publication of case reports in journals of Endocrinology in recent years, both in absolute and relative terms. Even though the cases described by these reports are, by definition, exceptional, the decline of their publication implies a significant loss of scientific information and clinical knowledge regarding certain pathologies.

Abordaje de la desnutrición en pacientes hospitalizados con diabetes/hiperglucemia y otras patologías concurrentes (cuestiones generales) / Malnutrition management of hospitalized patients with diabetes/hyperglycemia and concurrent pathologies (general issues)

La diabetes mellitus tipo 2 es una enfermedad muy prevalente en todo el mundo y genera una carga clínica y económica creciente debido a sus complicaciones micro- y macrovasculares. Con frecuencia, las personas con diabetes son hospitalizadas por diversas patologías. Estos pacientes tienen, por lo general, un mayor riesgo de complicaciones, de estancias prolongadas y de mortalidad. Un factor adicional que empeora el pronóstico en estos pacientes es la presencia de desnutrición, sobre todo en personas de edad avanzada.Todo ello hace que el manejo de estos pacientes sea complejo y requiera un abordaje nutricional específico, cuya finalidad sea cubrir los requerimientos nutricionales manteniendo siempre el control glucémico. La finalidad de este trabajo es generar, en base a los datos disponibles en la bibliografía y la experiencia clínica, recomendaciones consensuadas por parte de dieciocho expertos en Endocrinología y Nutrición sobre el abordaje nutricional de pacientes hospitalizados con diabetes/hiperglucemia y comparar el manejo óptimo basado en estas recomendaciones con la atención habitual a pie de cama, según un panel de médicos españoles encuestados sobre su práctica clínica diaria. En este primer artículo de este número extraordinario de la revista Nutrición Hospitalaria, se describe la metodología seguida y los resultados obtenidos sobre las cuestiones comunes para todas las patologías. (AU)

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a highly prevalent disease worldwide, generating an increasing clinical and economic burden due to its micro- and macrovascular complications. Frequently, people with diabetes are hospitalized for various pathologies. These patients generally have higher risk of complications, prolonged hospitalizations and mortality. An additional factor that worsens the prognosis in these patients is the concurrence of malnutrition, especially in elderly people.All this makes the management of these patients challenging and requires a specific nutritional approach, whose purpose is to cover the nutritional requirements while always maintaining glycemic control. The purpose of this work is to provide, based on the evidence available in the literature and clinical experience, consensus recommendations by eighteen experts in Endocrinology and Nutrition on the nutritional approach of hospitalized patients with diabetes/hyperglycemia and compare the optimal management, based on these recommendations with bedside usual care according to a panel of Spanish doctors surveyed about their daily clinical practice. This first article of this extraordinary issue of the journal Nutrición Hospitalaria describes the methodology of the study and the results obtained regarding common issues for all pathologies. (AU)

Abordaje de la desnutrición en pacientes hospitalizados con diabetes/hiperglucemia y fractura de cadera / Malnutrition management of hospitalized patients with diabetes/hyperglycemia and hip fracture

La incidencia de fractura de cadera cada año es muy alta, lo que genera una importante carga asistencial y socioeconómica. Estas fracturas pueden producirse a cualquier edad, pero la gran mayoría ocurren en personas mayores de 65 años y con predominancia del sexo femenino, debido al mayor riesgo de osteoporosis tras la menopausia. La diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2), aparte de alterar el metabolismo glucídico, lipídico y proteico, también causa una desregulación del calcio, fósforo y magnesio, y alteraciones del metabolismo óseo. La prevalencia de desnutrición en pacientes con fractura de cadera es también elevada, por la edad avanzada, y la misma lesión aguda generar respuestas catabólicas e inflamatorias que resultan en desnutrición relacionada con la enfermedad y sarcopenia, lo que agrava el estado clínico del paciente. El presente artículo describe los resultados del consenso de expertos y las respuestas de los panelistas sobre el manejo nutricional en la práctica clínica habitual de los pacientes con diabetes/hiperglucemia hospitalizados en planta (no críticos) con fractura de cadera. (AU)

The yearly incidence of hip fracture is very high, which generates significant healthcare and socioeconomic burden. These fractures can occur at any age, but the vast majority occur in people over 65 years of age and predominantly in women, due to the increased risk of menopause-associated osteoporosis. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), apart from altering glucose, lipid and protein metabolisms, also causes a deregulation of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium and dysfunction in bone metabolism. The prevalence of malnutrition in patients with hip fracture is also high, due to their advanced age, and the acute injury itself provokes catabolic and inflammatory responses that result in disease-related malnutrition and sarcopenia, which aggravates the patient's clinical condition. This article describes the results of the expert consensus and the responses of the panelists on the nutritional management in routine clinical practice of patients with diabetes/hyperglycemia hospitalized (non-critically ill) with hip fracture. (AU)

Abordaje de la desnutrición en pacientes hospitalizados con diabetes/hiperglucemia y sarcopenia / Malnutrition management of hospitalized patients with diabetes/hyperglycemia and sarcopenia

La sarcopenia se describe como una afección multidimensional que afecta negativamente a la masa muscular, la fuerza muscular y el rendimiento físico. La prevalencia de sarcopenia en personas con diabetes es muy superior a la de la población general, especialmente en individuos que presentan un estado nutricional deficiente. Tanto la sarcopenia como la desnutrición son condiciones susceptibles de intervención para mejorar el pronóstico clínico. El presente artículo describe los resultados del consenso de expertos y las respuestas de los panelistas sobre el manejo nutricional en la práctica clínica habitual de los pacientes con diabetes/hiperglucemia hospitalizados en planta (no críticos) con sarcopenia concurrente. (AU)

Sarcopenia is a multidimensional condition that negatively affects muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance. The prevalence of sarcopenia in people with diabetes is much higher than that of the general population, especially in individuals with poor nutritional status. Both sarcopenia and malnutrition are conditions amenable to intervention to improve clinical prognosis. This article describes the results of the expert consensus and the responses of the panelists on the nutritional management in routine clinical practice of patients with diabetes/hyperglycemia hospitalized (non-critically ill) with sarcopenia. (AU)

Abordaje de la desnutrición en pacientes hospitalizados con diabetes/hiperglucemia e insuficiencia cardíaca / Malnutrition management of hospitalized patients with diabetes/hyperglycemia and heart failure

La insuficiencia cardíaca (IC) es una de las principales causas de morbilidad y mortalidad entre las personas mayores, lo que la convierte en un importante problema de salud pública. Las enfermedades cardiovasculares en general, y la IC en particular, son comorbilidades frecuentes en personas con diabetes tipo 2 (DM2). La presencia de DM2 e IC se asocia con síntomas y signos clínicos más graves, y peor calidad de vida y pronóstico. Además, debido al estado hipercatabólico y los trastornos de la absorción de nutrientes, la desnutrición está presente en muchos casos de IC. El presente artículo describe los resultados del consenso de expertos y las respuestas de los panelistas sobre el manejo nutricional en la práctica clínica habitual de los pacientes con diabetes/hiperglucemia hospitalizados en planta (no críticos) con IC. (AU)

Heart failure (HF) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among older people, making it a major public health problem. Cardiovascular diseases in general, and HF in particular, are common comorbidities in people with type 2 diabetes (DM2). The concurrence of DM2 and HF is associated with more severe clinical symptoms and signs, and poorer quality of life and prognosis. Furthermore, due to the hypercatabolic state and nutrient absorption disorders, malnutrition is present in many HF cases. This article describes the results of the expert consensus and the responses of the panelists on the nutritional management in routine clinical practice of patients with diabetes/hyperglycemia hospitalized (non-critically ill) with HF. (AU)

Abordaje de la desnutrición en pacientes hospitalizados con diabetes/hiperglucemia en el contexto perioperatorio / Malnutrition management of hospitalized patients with diabetes/hyperglycemia in the perioperative setting

Las personas con diabetes tienen un riesgo elevado de requerir una intervención quirúrgica a lo largo de su vida y de tener complicaciones perioperatorias en caso de un control metabólico deficiente. La hospitalización representa un evento estresante que, unido a otros factores asociados a procedimientos diagnósticos y terapéuticos, conlleva un deterioro del estado nutricional de los pacientes. Se ha observado una asociación entre un estado nutricional deficiente y resultados adversos en pacientes quirúrgicos. El presente artículo describe los resultados del consenso de expertos y las respuestas de los panelistas sobre el manejo nutricional en la práctica clínica habitual de los pacientes con diabetes/hiperglucemia hospitalizados en planta (no críticos) en el periodo perioperatorio. (AU)

People with diabetes are at high risk of requiring surgical intervention throughout their lives, and of perioperative complications in case of poor metabolic control. Hospitalization represents a stressful event that, together with other factors associated with diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, leads to a deterioration in the nutritional status of the patients. An association between poor nutritional status and adverse outcomes in surgical patients has been observed. This article describes the results of the expert consensus and the responses of the panelists on the nutritional management in routine clinical practice of patients with diabetes/hyperglycemia hospitalized (non-critically ill) in the perioperative setting. (AU)

Abordaje de la desnutrición en pacientes hospitalizados con diabetes/hiperglucemia y cirrosis hepática / Malnutrition management of hospitalized patients with diabetes/hyperglycemia and liver cirrhosis

La cirrosis hepática es una enfermedad progresiva y crónica del hígado, de etiología diversa, que se asocia frecuentemente con intolerancia a la glucosa y en algunos casos concurre con diabetes tipo 2 (DM2). La DM2 se asocia con resultados adversos en pacientes con cirrosis, incluyendo una mayor tasa de ingresos hospitalarios, una mayor prevalencia de carcinoma hepatocelular y un mayor riesgo de mortalidad. La desnutrición es otra complicación frecuente en la cirrosis, cuya prevalencia aumenta con el grado de disfunción hepática, empeorando el pronóstico. El presente artículo describe los resultados del consenso de expertos y las respuestas de los panelistas sobre el manejo nutricional en la práctica clínica habitual de los pacientes con diabetes/hiperglucemia hospitalizados en planta (no críticos) con cirrosis hepática. (AU)

Liver cirrhosis is a progressive and chronic disease of the liver, of diverse etiology, which is frequently associated with glucose intolerance and in some cases concurs with type 2 diabetes (DM2). DM2 is associated with adverse outcomes in patients with cirrhosis, including a higher rate of hospitalizations, a higher prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma, and an increased risk of mortality. Malnutrition is another frequent complication of cirrhosis, the prevalence of which increases with the degree of liver dysfunction, worsening the prognosis. This article describes the results of the expert consensus and the responses of the panelists on the nutritional management in routine clinical practice of patients with diabetes/hyperglycemia hospitalized (non-critically ill) with liver cirrhosis. (AU)